Inca

=History and Culture= The incas were believed to have first settled in the western highlands of South America in 1200 AD by Manco Capac. They then founded their capital city of Cuzco. Then in 1438 Pachacuti, the first Incan emperor, came to the throne. Pachacuti and his son, Topa Inca, built an empire that stretched more than 3000 miles, north to south, from present day Columbia to northern Argentina and Chile. It was the largest known early American Civilization in the 1200's. Those 3000 miles of Empire wasn't only just a city for the people. It was also for the Army and trading routes. Since there was such a sufficient amount of military personal, they needed an excess amount of transportation routes to get them places. The interesting fact about their military is that they gave people a chance at survival. They would give them a choice to determine wether or not they wanted to stay with the Incas and work as slaves, or, fight the Incas and get away, dead or alive. It was a well thought out plan by the Incas because they could add people to their empire, and keep from getting dethroned by making people happy. The Incas ended their civilization in 1535 AD, when the spanish took over their empire. =**Advanced technology**= The Incas were quite advanced for time period in which they exsisted. One of there finest achievement was there monuments. Like Machu Picchu. The Incas never used brick or mortar and yet the stones are so perfectly laid that they could not of used tools. Insteadthey repeatedly lowered one rock onto another carving out the perfect shape, which also made it extremely stable. They also were very advanced in their road building. They had two main roads one streched for 3,250 miles and the other for 2,520. The incas had no type of writing system to keep records, so they used something like an abacus, called a Quipu. A Quipu was a way of keeping track of numbers. Depending on the number of knots in the string. Different colors also meant another thing. Thats one of the only ways they could keep a record of numbers, considering they couldn't read or write.Then last but not least was there bronze alloy which far eceeded the early americans civilizations since they did not have iron or steel.

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